The important aspects of the Mediterranean diet are high intakes of cereals, grains, vegetables, dried beans, olive oil, garlic, fresh herbs, seafood, and fruit. Also, wine, meat and poultry in moderation. Dairy products are rarely eaten (no butter or cream), only some cheese and yogurt. Regular physical activity is also a key factor.

Olive oil is of central importance. Though it is a pure fat, it's a monounsaturated fat which is healthier for you. Olive oil also contains antioxidants, especially the cold-pressed, "extra virgin" variety. Some studies show that olive oil may reduce bad cholesterol and increase good
cholesterol.

Many of the fruits and vegetable eaten by Mediterranean people are locally grown and minimally processed. The emphasis is on fresh. Scientists believe that this results in higher fiber, antioxidants and other micronutrients in their diet.

Dairy foods, are generally high in saturated fat. So, eating less of them is generally considered healthier. Studies have also found that red wine contains antioxidants.